more thoughts

docs/microsd-2fa.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+# MicroSD as a Second Factor for Login
+
+When enabled, this feature requires a specially prepared MicroSD
+card to be inserted during login process. After correct PIN is
+provided, if card slot is empty or unknown card present, the seed
+is wiped.
+
+## How it Works
+
+To "enroll" a card, a small encrypted file is written to the card.
+
+During login, after the correct (true) PIN is entered, we use
+the master secret to construct an AES key which is used to decrypt
+the file found on the card. If the file is JSON and contains a nonce,
+we check that in our list of acceptable cards.
+
+The AES key includes the master secret and also a hash of the
+unique serial number of the card, retrieved using low-level 
+protocols. This prevents moving the file to another card.
+
+To allow the same card to unlock multiple Coldcards, we write the
+file using a filename derived from the serial number of the Coldcard
+(hashed). Thus there could be a number of 2FA-enabling files on a
+single card.
+
+The file name starts with a dot, and has extension `.2fa`. Your
+tools may or may not hide it from you based on Unix filename
+conventions. Reformating the card will certainly remove this file,
+so keep that in mind when managing your "special" cards.
+
+## Menu Settings
+
+See menu in: `Settings -> Login Settings -> MicroSD 2FA`
+
+The option is enabled only once the main secret is picked. It cannot
+be used with ephemeral seeds, as that secret will not be in effect
+during boot time.
+
+The menu initially contains only "Add Card". Once one or more
+cards are enabled (and the feature is activated), addition
+options appear: "Check Card" and "Remove Card #N" for each
+enrolled card.
+
+"Check Card" validates the card inserted and indicates if it would 
+be accepted or not.
+
+Use "Remove Card #N" is remove cards from the system. When the last
+card is removed, the feature is disabled and no card will be required
+for login.
+
+## During Login
+
+After the PIN is entered, and if it is the true PIN (or the main
+code thinks it is, in Delta Mode or Duress Wallet cases) the main
+settings are read. After this point, if there are one or more card
+enrolled, then the check is performed. If the slot is empty or
+the card fails the check, a fast wipe of the seed is done and shown
+on screen. The memory is wipe and system stops. You must power cycle
+to continue.
+
+## Tricky Thinking
+
+Because settings are encrypted by the master seed, if you have a
+duress wallet, it could have required cards set as well. Generally,
+we do not see a good use for this, and assume that typically only
+the "true" PIN will have required cards associated with it. Remember
+any Trick PIN can wipe the seed directly.
+
+In Delta Mode, the usual card policy is in effect. However, if you
+are relying on this 2FA feature to wipe the seed in a case of duress,
+there doesn't seem to be any need for Delta Mode.
+
+## Duress Defenses
+
+We recommend simply keeping no card in your Coldcard once activating
+this feature. Your attacker, or yourself under duress, will login
+normally and trigger this defense without you taking any explicit
+action.
+
+If you were being forced to prepare a PSBT under duress, you can
+choose which SD card to use (so pick a normal one, which isn't
+enrolled) and you may also have a chance to clear your card of the
+special file. Either way would be an opportunity to ensure the
+automatic wipe occurs, even as you comply and provide the PIN code.
+
+Your enrolled SD cards can also be stored at another location away
+from your Coldcard. This could be a bank safety deposit box, since
+it contains no sensitive data.
+
+If you are closely surveilled when logging and using your Coldcard,
+the PIN code might already be known to your attacker. However, there
+is no indication on the screen during a normal (successful) login
+that this feature is in effect, so they would not know if the SD
+card was inserted by chance or necessity.
+

releases/ChangeLog.md

@@ -1,22 +1,28 @@
-## 5.1.0 - 2023-02-08
+## 5.1.0 - 2023-02-XX
 
+- New Feature: "MicroSD card as Second Factor". Specially marked MicroSD card must be
+  already inserted when (true) PIN is entered, or else seed is wiped. Add, remove and check
+  cards in menu: `Settings -> Login Settings -> MicroSD 2FA`
 - New Feature: Single signature wallet generic descriptor export
   `Advanced -> Export Wallet -> Descriptor`. Both new format with internal/external
   in one descriptor `<0;1>` and standard with two descriptors are supported.
-- Enhancement: Add ability to import multisig wallet via Virtual Disk.
+- Address Explorer:
-- Enhancement: Add ability to import extended private key via Virtual Disk and via NFC.
+    - Enhancement: Application-specific derivation paths in `Address Explorer -> Applications`
-- Enhancement: Import seed in compact/truncated form (just 3-4 letters of each seed word).
+    - Bugfix: Change value was ignored when generating addresses file
-- Enhancement: Application-specific address/derivation paths in `Address Explorer -> Applications`
+- Import Enhancements:
-- Enhancement: Samourai POST-MIX and PRE-MIX descriptor export options added to `Export Wallet`
+    - Add import multisig wallet via Virtual Disk
-- Enhancement: Lily Wallet export option added to `Export Wallet`
+    - Add import extended private key via Virtual Disk and via NFC
-- Enhancement: Add ability to export all supported wallets via NFC (instead of SD card only)
+    - Import seed in compact/truncated form (just 3-4 letters of each seed word)
+- Export Enhancements: 
+    - Samourai POST-MIX and PRE-MIX descriptor export options added
+    - Lily Wallet added
+    - Ability to export all supported wallets via NFC (instead of SD card only)
+    - Change electrum export file name from 'new-wallet.json' to 'new-electrum.json'
+    - Allow export of Wasabi skeleton for Bitcoin Regtest.
 - Enhancement: During seed generation from dice rolls, enforce at least 50 rolls
   for 12 word seeds, and 99 rolls for 24 word seeds. Statistical distribution check
   added to prevent users from generating low-entropy seeds by rolling same value repeatedly.
-- Enhancement: Change electrum export file name from 'new-wallet.json' to 'new-electrum.json'
-- Bugfix: Change value was ignored when generating addresses file from address explorer.
 - Bugfix: Offer import/export from/to Virtual Disk in UI even if SD Card is inserted.
-- Bugfix: Allow export of Wasabi skeleton for Bitcoin Regtest.
 - Docs: Add `docs/rolls12.py` script for verifying dice rolls math for 12 word seeds.
 
 ## 5.0.7 - 2022-10-05

shared/actions.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Every function here is called directly by a menu item. They should all be async.
 #
-import ckcc, pyb, version, uasyncio
+import ckcc, pyb, version, uasyncio, sys
 from ux import ux_show_story, the_ux, ux_confirm, ux_dramatic_pause, ux_aborted, ux_enter_bip32_index, ux_input_text
 from utils import imported, pretty_short_delay, problem_file_line, import_prompt_builder
 from uasyncio import sleep_ms
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ async def start_login_sequence():
 
     except BaseException as exc:
         # Robustness: any logic errors/bugs in above will brick the Coldcard
-        # even for legit owner, since they can't login. Try to recover, when it's
+        # even for legit owner, since they can't login. To try to recover, when it's
         # safe to do so. Remember the bootrom checks PIN on every access to
         # the secret, so "letting" them past this point is harmless if they don't know
         # the true pin.
@@ -863,7 +863,6 @@ async def start_login_sequence():
             raise
 
         print("Bug recovery!")
-        import sys
         sys.print_exception(exc)
 
     # Successful login...
@@ -879,6 +878,14 @@ async def start_login_sequence():
     except:
         pass
 
+    # Maybe insist on the "right" microSD being already installed?
+    try:
+        from pwsave import MicroSD2FA
+        MicroSD2FA.enforce_policy()
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        # robustness: keep going!
+        sys.print_exception(exc)
+
     # implement idle timeout now that we are logged-in
     from imptask import IMPT
     IMPT.start_task('idle', idle_logout())
@@ -2088,5 +2095,16 @@ async def change_which_chain(name):
         # no secrets yet, not an error
         pass
 
+async def microsd_2fa(*a):
+    # Feature: enforce special MicroSD being inserted at login time (a 2FA)
+    from pwsave import MicroSD2FA
+    
+    if not settings.get('sd2fa'):
+        ch = await ux_show_story('''When enabled, this feature requires a specially prepared MicroSD card to be inserted during login process. After correct PIN is provided, if card slot is empty or unknown card present, the seed is wiped.''')
+
+        if ch != 'y':
+            return
+
+    return MicroSD2FA.menu()
 
 # EOF

shared/flow.py

@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@ def nfc_enabled():
 def vdisk_enabled():
     return bool(settings.get('vidsk', 0))
 
+def se2_and_real_secret():
+    from pincodes import pa
+    return version.has_se2 and (not pa.is_secret_blank()) and (not pa.tmp_value)
+
 
 HWTogglesMenu = [
     ToggleMenuItem('USB Port', 'du', ['Default On', 'Disable USB'], invert=True,
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ LoginPrefsMenu = [
     MenuItem('Scramble Keypad', f=pick_scramble),
     MenuItem('Kill Key', f=pick_killkey, predicate=lambda: version.has_se2),
     MenuItem('Login Countdown', chooser=countdown_chooser),
+    MenuItem('MicroSD 2FA', menu=microsd_2fa, predicate=se2_and_real_secret),
     MenuItem('Test Login Now', f=login_now, arg=1),
 ]
 

shared/nvstore.py

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ from glob import PSRAM
 #   emu = (bool) if set, enables the USB Keyboard emulation (BIP-85 password entry)
 #   wa = (bool) if set, enables menu wraparound
 #   hsmcmd = (bool) if set, enables all user management and hsm-only USB commands
+#   sd2fa = (list of strings): track which SD card is needed for login
 # Stored w/ key=00 for access before login
 #   _skip_pin = hard code a PIN value (dangerous, only for debug)
 #   nick = optional nickname for this coldcard (personalization)

shared/pwsave.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 #
 # pwsave.py - Save bip39 passphrases into encrypted file on MicroSD (if desired)
 #
-import sys, stash, ujson, os, ngu
+import sys, stash, ujson, os, ngu, pyb
 from files import CardSlot, CardMissingError, needs_microsd
+from ux import ux_dramatic_pause, ux_confirm, ux_show_story
 
 class PassphraseSaver:
     # Encrypts BIP-39 passphrase very carefully, and appends
@@ -16,9 +17,10 @@ class PassphraseSaver:
         # - some very minor obscurity, but we aren't relying on that.
         return card.get_sd_root() + '/.tmp.tmp'
 
-    def _calc_key(self, card):
+    def _calc_key(self, card, force=False):
         # calculate the key to be used.
-        if getattr(self, 'key', None): return
+        if not force and getattr(self, 'key', None):
+            return
 
         try:
             salt = card.get_id_hash()
@@ -35,16 +37,20 @@ class PassphraseSaver:
         decrypt = ngu.aes.CTR(self.key)
 
         try:
-            msg = open(self.filename(card), 'rb').read()
+            fname = self.filename(card)
+            msg = open(fname, 'rb').read()
             txt = decrypt.cipher(msg)
+
             return ujson.loads(txt)
+        except OSError:
+            #print('missing? ' + fname)
+            return []
         except:
             return []
 
 
     async def append(self, xfp, bip39pw):
         # encrypt and save; always appends.
-        from ux import ux_dramatic_pause
         from glob import dis
 
         while 1:
@@ -79,7 +85,6 @@ class PassphraseSaver:
         from actions import goto_top_menu
         from ux import ux_show_story
         from seed import set_bip39_passphrase
-        import pyb
 
         # Very quick check for card not present case.
         if not pyb.SDCard().present():
@@ -143,5 +148,211 @@ class PassphraseSaver:
 
 
         return MenuSystem((MenuItem(label or '(empty)', f=doit, arg=pw) for pw, label in zip(pws, parts)))
+
+#
+# Support for using MicroSD as second factor to the login PIN.
+#
+
+class MicroSD2FA(PassphraseSaver):
+    def filename(self, card):
+        # Construct actual filename to use.
+        # - want to support same card authorizing multiple CC, so cant be fixed filename
+        # - dont want to search tho, so should be deterministic
+        # - serial number of CC is nearly public but hmac anyway
+        # - if this file was written from a trick pin situation, it would have
+        #   correct filename but contents would not decrypt since AES key is based off seed
+        import version
+        from utils import B2A
+
+        k = ngu.hash.sha256s(version.serial_number())
+        h = ngu.hmac.hmac_sha256(k, b'silly?')
+
+        return card.get_sd_root() + '/.%s.2fa' % B2A(h[0:8])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_nonces(cls):
+        # this is the only setting: list of nonce values we have saved to various cards
+        from glob import settings
+        return settings.get('sd2fa') or []
+
+    def read_card(self):
+        # Read the data, if any, and if decrypted correctly
+
+        # Read file, decrypt and make a menu to show; OR return None
+        # if any error hit.
+        try:
+            with CardSlot() as card:
+                self._calc_key(card, force=True)
+                if not self.key: return None
+
+                data = self._read(card)
+                if not data: return None
+        except CardMissingError:
+            # late fail
+            return None
+
+        return data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def enforce_policy(cls):
+        # If feature enabled, and if so check authorized card is inserted right now.
+        nonces = cls.get_nonces()
+        if not nonces:
+            # feature not in use, no problem
+            return
+
+        try:
+            ok = cls.authorized_card_present(nonces)
+            assert ok == True
+        except:
+            # die. wrong
+            import callgate
+            callgate.fast_wipe(silent=False)
+
+        # proceed w/o any notice
+        return
+
+    @classmethod
+    def authorized_card_present(cls, nonces):
+        # Check if good card present
+        
+        if not pyb.SDCard().present():
+            # no card present, so nope
+            return False
+
+        s = cls()
+        got = s.read_card()
+        if not got:
+            # garbage seen, missing file, etc => fail
+            #print('2fa file decrypt fail')
+            return False
+        #print(repr(got))
+        #print(repr(nonces))
+
+        # check it is in the list of authorized cards
+        return (got['nonce'] in nonces)
+    
+    async def enroll(self):
+        # Write little file, update our settings to allow this card to auth.
+        from utils import B2A
+        from glob import dis, settings
+
+        nonce = B2A(ngu.random.bytes(8))
+
+        v = list(self.get_nonces())
+
+        # encrypt and save; always appends.
+
+        dis.fullscreen('Saving...')
+
+        try:
+            with CardSlot() as card:
+                self._calc_key(card, force=True)
+
+                data = dict(nonce=nonce)
+
+                encrypt = ngu.aes.CTR(self.key)
+                msg = encrypt.cipher(ujson.dumps(data))
+
+                with open(self.filename(card), 'wb') as fd:
+                    fd.write(msg)
+
+            # update setting as well
+            v.append(nonce)
+            settings.set('sd2fa', v)
+            settings.save()
+
+            await ux_dramatic_pause("Saved.", 1)
+
+            return
+
+        except CardMissingError:
+            return await needs_microsd()
+
+    async def remove(self, nonce):
+        # remove indicated nonce from records
+        # - delete file if present and found, but ok if missing
+        from glob import dis, settings
+
+        v = self.get_nonces()
+        assert nonce in v, 'missing card nonce'
+        v2 = [i for i in v if i != nonce]
+        if not v2:
+            settings.remove_key('sd2fa')
+        else:
+            settings.set('sd2fa', v2)
+        settings.save()
+        
+        try:
+            with CardSlot() as card:
+                fn = self.filename(card)
+                os.remove(fn)
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def menu(cls):
+        # menu contents needed for current state
+        from menu import MenuItem
+
+        existing = cls.get_nonces()
+        menu = []
+
+        menu.append(MenuItem("Add Card", f=cls.menu_enroll, arg=len(existing)))
+
+        if existing:
+            menu.append(MenuItem("Check Card", f=cls.menu_check_card))
+
+        for n, card_nonce in enumerate(existing):
+            menu.append(MenuItem("Remove Card #%d" % (n+1), f=cls.menu_edit, arg=card_nonce))
+
+        return menu
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def menu_check_card(cls, *a):
+        
+        ok = cls.authorized_card_present(cls.get_nonces())
+        if not ok:
+            await ux_show_story("This card would NOT be accepted during login.", title="FAIL")
+        else:
+            await ux_show_story("This card is enrolled and would be accepted during login.", title="PASS")
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def menu_enroll(cls, menu, label, item):
+        from files import _is_ejected
+
+        count = item.arg
+
+        if _is_ejected():
+            return await needs_microsd()
+
+        # careful: if they re-enrolled same card twice, confusion will result
+        if count:
+            ok = cls.authorized_card_present(cls.get_nonces())
+            if ok:
+                await ux_show_story("Need a different MicroSD card. "
+                                        "This card would already be accepted.")
+                return
+
+        ctx = 'this card or one of the others' if count >= 1 else 'it'
+
+        ok = await ux_confirm("Add this card to authorized set? Going forward %s must be present during login process or the seed will be wiped!" % ctx)
+
+
+        await cls().enroll()
+
+        menu.replace_items(cls.menu())
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def menu_edit(cls, menu, label, item):
+        # only allowing delete for now... could show details or something
+        ok = await ux_confirm("Remove this card from authorized set?")
+        if not ok:
+            return
+            
+        # delete magic file if we can, but more importantly our nonce
+        await cls().remove(item.arg)
+        
+        menu.replace_items(cls.menu())
         
 # EOF

shared/users.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from glob import settings
 # accepting strings and strings, returning bytes when decoding, str when encoding (ie. correct)
 b32encode = ngu.codecs.b32_encode
 b32decode = ngu.codecs.b32_decode
+
 hmac_sha256 = ngu.hmac.hmac_sha256
 
 # to keep menus and such to a reasonable size

testing/test_pwsave.py

@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ cs = files.CardSlot().__enter__(); \
 p=PassphraseSaver(); p._calc_key(cs); RV.write(b2a_hex(p.key)); cs.__exit__()''')
 
     assert len(key) == 64
-    #assert key == '234af2aa2ab43af83667dfc6e11d08223e0f486ef34539b41a045dd9eb3ea664'
 
+    # recalc what it should be
     from pycoin.key.BIP32Node import BIP32Node
     from pycoin.encoding import from_bytes_32, to_bytes_32
     from hashlib import sha256
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ p=PassphraseSaver(); p._calc_key(cs); RV.write(b2a_hex(p.key)); cs.__exit__()'''
 
     assert expect == key
 
-    # check that key works for decrypt / that the file was actually encrypted
+    # check that key works for decrypt and that the file was actually encrypted
 
     with open(SIM_FNAME, 'rb') as fd:
         raw = fd.read()