This modifies the newBlockNode function to accept the parent as an
argument to automatically connect the newly created node. When it is
not nil, the work sum will automatically be summed and the parent of the
new node will be set accordingly.
This simplifies the block node construction a bit and allows some
redundant code to be removed. It also paves the way for easier simpler
full block index construction in the future.
This separates the logic for populating the stake information in a block
node from the construction of the node in order to better delineate the
difference between the two and to pave the way for that information to
be stored separately in the database versus needing to load full blocks
to retrieve it.
This refactors the block index logic into a separate struct and
introduces an individual lock for it so it can be queried independent of
the chain lock.
It also modifies the `newBlockNode` function to accept nil for the
ticket spend information parameter and updates all of the test code that
doesn't require it to use nil.
This modifies the block node structure to include only the specifically
used fields, some of which in a more compact format, as opposed to
copying the entire header and updates all code and tests accordingly.
Not only is this a more efficient approach that helps pave the way for
future optimizations, it is also consistent with the upstream code which
helps minimize the differences to facilitate easier syncs due to less
merge conflicts.
In particular, since the merkle and stake roots, number of revocations,
size, nonce, and extradata fields aren't used currently, they are no
longer copied into the block node. Also, the block node already had a
height field, which is also in the header, so this change also removes
that duplication.
Another change is that the block node now stores the timestamp as an
int64 unix-style timestamp which is only 8 bytes versus the old
timestamp that was in the header which is a time.Time and thus 24 bytes.
It should be noted that future optimizations will very likely end up
adding most of the omitted header fields back to the block node as
individual fields so the headers can be efficiently reconstructed from
memory, however, these changes are still beneficial due to the ability
to decouple the block node storage format from the header struct which
allows more compact representations and reording of the fields for
optimal struct packing.
Ultimately, the need for the parent hash can also be removed, which will
save an additional 32 bytes which would not be possible without this
decoupling.
This modifies all files in the blockchain package so that function
definitions are on the a single line as is the style used in the
upstream code as well as throughout its code base. This helps minimize
the differences between them and the upstream code in order to
facilitate easier syncs due to less merge conflicts as a result of
superfluous changes.
This implements a new stake difficulty algorithm along with a voting
agenda for all networks to change and a comprehensive set of tests. It
also implements estimation using the new algorithm for the
estimatestakediff RPC.
The following is an overview of the changes:
- Add new agenda to vote on changing the stake difficulty algorithm to
all networks
- The version on mainnet is version 4
- The version on testnet and simnet is version 5
- Modifies the stake difficulty calculation function to calculate the
difficulty based on the result of the vote
- Modifies the stake difficulty estimation function to calculate the
difficulty based on the result of the vote
- Makes the stake difficulty estimation function concurrent safe
- Calls it directly from the RPC server instead of going through block
manager
- Removes no longer needed code from the block manager
- Generate new version blocks and reject old version blocks after a
super majority has been reached
- New block version on mainnet is version 4
- New block version on testnet and simnet is version 5
- Add tests for the supply estimation used in the new algorithm
- Add tests for the new algorithm calculations
- Add tests for the estimation based on the new algorithm
Upstream commit a7b35d9f9e.
Also, the merge commit contains necessary decred-specific alterations.
It also has the side effect of correcting a couple of min reduction bugs
even though they can't currently ever be hit due to the min reduction
interval flag being disabled for all networks.
Contains the following commits:
- 711f33450c
- b6b1e55d1e
- Reverted because Travis is already at a more recent version
- bd4e64d1d4
Also, the merge commit contains the necessary decred-specific
alterations, converts all other references to sha to hash to keep with
the spirit of the merged commits, and various other cleanup intended to
bring the code bases more in line with one another.
The legacy ticket database, which was GOB serialized and stored on
shut down, has been removed. Ticket state information is now held in
a stake node, which acts as a modularized "black box" to contain all
information about the state of the stake system. Stake nodes are now
a component of the blockchain blockNode struct, and are updated with
them.
Stake nodes, like their internal treap primitives, are immutable
objects that are created with their connect and disconnect node
functions. The blockchain database now stores all information about
the stake state of the best node in the block database. The blockchain
makes the assumption that the stake state of the best node is known at
any given time. If the states of former blocks or sidechains must be
evaluated, this can be achieved by iterating backwards along the
blockchain from the best node, and then connecting stake nodes
iteratively if necessary.
Performance improvements with this new module are dramatic. The long
delays on start up and shut down are removed. Blockchain
synchronization time is improved approximately 5-10x on the mainnet
chain. The state of the database is atomic, so unexpected shut downs
should no longer have the ability to disrupt the chain state.
An upgrade path has been added for version 1 blockchain databases.
Users with this blockchain database will automatically update when
they start their clients.
This commit is the first stage of several that are planned to convert
the blockchain package into a concurrent safe package that will
ultimately allow support for multi-peer download and concurrent chain
processing. The goal is to update btcd proper after each step so it can
take advantage of the enhancements as they are developed.
In addition to the aforementioned benefit, this staged approach has been
chosen since it is absolutely critical to maintain consensus.
Separating the changes into several stages makes it easier for reviewers
to logically follow what is happening and therefore helps prevent
consensus bugs. Naturally there are significant automated tests to help
prevent consensus issues as well.
The main focus of this stage is to convert the blockchain package to use
the new database interface and implement the chain-related functionality
which it no longer handles. It also aims to improve efficiency in
various areas by making use of the new database and chain capabilities.
The following is an overview of the chain changes:
- Update to use the new database interface
- Add chain-related functionality that the old database used to handle
- Main chain structure and state
- Transaction spend tracking
- Implement a new pruned unspent transaction output (utxo) set
- Provides efficient direct access to the unspent transaction outputs
- Uses a domain specific compression algorithm that understands the
standard transaction scripts in order to significantly compress them
- Removes reliance on the transaction index and paves the way toward
eventually enabling block pruning
- Modify the New function to accept a Config struct instead of
inidividual parameters
- Replace the old TxStore type with a new UtxoViewpoint type that makes
use of the new pruned utxo set
- Convert code to treat the new UtxoViewpoint as a rolling view that is
used between connects and disconnects to improve efficiency
- Make best chain state always set when the chain instance is created
- Remove now unnecessary logic for dealing with unset best state
- Make all exported functions concurrent safe
- Currently using a single chain state lock as it provides a straight
forward and easy to review path forward however this can be improved
with more fine grained locking
- Optimize various cases where full blocks were being loaded when only
the header is needed to help reduce the I/O load
- Add the ability for callers to get a snapshot of the current best
chain stats in a concurrent safe fashion
- Does not block callers while new blocks are being processed
- Make error messages that reference transaction outputs consistently
use <transaction hash>:<output index>
- Introduce a new AssertError type an convert internal consistency
checks to use it
- Update tests and examples to reflect the changes
- Add a full suite of tests to ensure correct functionality of the new
code
The following is an overview of the btcd changes:
- Update to use the new database and chain interfaces
- Temporarily remove all code related to the transaction index
- Temporarily remove all code related to the address index
- Convert all code that uses transaction stores to use the new utxo
view
- Rework several calls that required the block manager for safe
concurrency to use the chain package directly now that it is
concurrent safe
- Change all calls to obtain the best hash to use the new best state
snapshot capability from the chain package
- Remove workaround for limits on fetching height ranges since the new
database interface no longer imposes them
- Correct the gettxout RPC handler to return the best chain hash as
opposed the hash the txout was found in
- Optimize various RPC handlers:
- Change several of the RPC handlers to use the new chain snapshot
capability to avoid needlessly loading data
- Update several handlers to use new functionality to avoid accessing
the block manager so they are able to return the data without
blocking when the server is busy processing blocks
- Update non-verbose getblock to avoid deserialization and
serialization overhead
- Update getblockheader to request the block height directly from
chain and only load the header
- Update getdifficulty to use the new cached data from chain
- Update getmininginfo to use the new cached data from chain
- Update non-verbose getrawtransaction to avoid deserialization and
serialization overhead
- Update gettxout to use the new utxo store versus loading
full transactions using the transaction index
The following is an overview of the utility changes:
- Update addblock to use the new database and chain interfaces
- Update findcheckpoint to use the new database and chain interfaces
- Remove the dropafter utility which is no longer supported
NOTE: The transaction index and address index will be reimplemented in
another commit.
This moves several of the chain constants to the Params struct in the
chaincfg package which is intended for that purpose. This is mostly a
backport of the same modifications made in Decred along with a few
additional things cleaned up.
The following is an overview of the changes:
- Comment all fields in the Params struct definition
- Add locals to BlockChain instance for the calculated values based on
the provided chain params
- Rename the following param fields:
- SubsidyHalvingInterval -> SubsidyReductionInterval
- ResetMinDifficulty -> ReduceMinDifficulty
- Add new Param fields:
- CoinbaseMaturity
- TargetTimePerBlock
- TargetTimespan
- BlocksPerRetarget
- RetargetAdjustmentFactor
- MinDiffReductionTime
This is mostly a backport of some of the same modifications made in
Decred along with a few additional things cleaned up. In particular,
this updates the code to make use of the new chainhash package.
Also, since this required API changes anyways and the hash algorithm is
no longer tied specifically to SHA, all other functions throughout the
code base which had "Sha" in their name have been changed to Hash so
they are not incorrectly implying the hash algorithm.
The following is an overview of the changes:
- Remove the wire.ShaHash type
- Update all references to wire.ShaHash to the new chainhash.Hash type
- Rename the following functions and update all references:
- wire.BlockHeader.BlockSha -> BlockHash
- wire.MsgBlock.BlockSha -> BlockHash
- wire.MsgBlock.TxShas -> TxHashes
- wire.MsgTx.TxSha -> TxHash
- blockchain.ShaHashToBig -> HashToBig
- peer.ShaFunc -> peer.HashFunc
- Rename all variables that included sha in their name to include hash
instead
- Update for function name changes in other dependent packages such as
btcutil
- Update copyright dates on all modified files
- Update glide.lock file to use the required version of btcutil
Contains the following upstream commits:
- ef9c50be57
- eb882f39f8
In addition to merging the fixes in the commits, this also fixes a few
more misspellings that were introduced in the new Decred code.
The new RPC command estimatestakediff was added. It estimates the
minimum, maximum, and expected next stake difficulty. The caller can
also estimate a new difficulty given a passed number of tickets to be
mined in the remaining difficulty period.
This commit is the first stage of several that are planned to convert
the blockchain package into a concurrent safe package that will
ultimately allow support for multi-peer download and concurrent chain
processing. The goal is to update btcd proper after each step so it can
take advantage of the enhancements as they are developed.
In addition to the aforementioned benefit, this staged approach has been
chosen since it is absolutely critical to maintain consensus.
Separating the changes into several stages makes it easier for reviewers
to logically follow what is happening and therefore helps prevent
consensus bugs. Naturally there are significant automated tests to help
prevent consensus issues as well.
The main focus of this stage is to convert the blockchain package to use
the new database interface and implement the chain-related functionality
which it no longer handles. It also aims to improve efficiency in
various areas by making use of the new database and chain capabilities.
The following is an overview of the chain changes:
- Update to use the new database interface
- Add chain-related functionality that the old database used to handle
- Main chain structure and state
- Transaction spend tracking
- Implement a new pruned unspent transaction output (utxo) set
- Provides efficient direct access to the unspent transaction outputs
- Uses a domain specific compression algorithm that understands the
standard transaction scripts in order to significantly compress them
- Removes reliance on the transaction index and paves the way toward
eventually enabling block pruning
- Modify the New function to accept a Config struct instead of
inidividual parameters
- Replace the old TxStore type with a new UtxoViewpoint type that makes
use of the new pruned utxo set
- Convert code to treat the new UtxoViewpoint as a rolling view that is
used between connects and disconnects to improve efficiency
- Make best chain state always set when the chain instance is created
- Remove now unnecessary logic for dealing with unset best state
- Make all exported functions concurrent safe
- Currently using a single chain state lock as it provides a straight
forward and easy to review path forward however this can be improved
with more fine grained locking
- Optimize various cases where full blocks were being loaded when only
the header is needed to help reduce the I/O load
- Add the ability for callers to get a snapshot of the current best
chain stats in a concurrent safe fashion
- Does not block callers while new blocks are being processed
- Make error messages that reference transaction outputs consistently
use <transaction hash>:<output index>
- Introduce a new AssertError type an convert internal consistency
checks to use it
- Update tests and examples to reflect the changes
- Add a full suite of tests to ensure correct functionality of the new
code
The following is an overview of the btcd changes:
- Update to use the new database and chain interfaces
- Temporarily remove all code related to the transaction index
- Temporarily remove all code related to the address index
- Convert all code that uses transaction stores to use the new utxo
view
- Rework several calls that required the block manager for safe
concurrency to use the chain package directly now that it is
concurrent safe
- Change all calls to obtain the best hash to use the new best state
snapshot capability from the chain package
- Remove workaround for limits on fetching height ranges since the new
database interface no longer imposes them
- Correct the gettxout RPC handler to return the best chain hash as
opposed the hash the txout was found in
- Optimize various RPC handlers:
- Change several of the RPC handlers to use the new chain snapshot
capability to avoid needlessly loading data
- Update several handlers to use new functionality to avoid accessing
the block manager so they are able to return the data without
blocking when the server is busy processing blocks
- Update non-verbose getblock to avoid deserialization and
serialization overhead
- Update getblockheader to request the block height directly from
chain and only load the header
- Update getdifficulty to use the new cached data from chain
- Update getmininginfo to use the new cached data from chain
- Update non-verbose getrawtransaction to avoid deserialization and
serialization overhead
- Update gettxout to use the new utxo store versus loading
full transactions using the transaction index
The following is an overview of the utility changes:
- Update addblock to use the new database and chain interfaces
- Update findcheckpoint to use the new database and chain interfaces
- Remove the dropafter utility which is no longer supported
NOTE: The transaction index and address index will be reimplemented in
another commit.
This commit converts all block height references to int32 instead of
int64. The current target block production rate is 10 mins per block
which means it will take roughly 40,800 years to reach the maximum
height an int32 affords. Even if the target rate were lowered to one
block per minute, it would still take roughly another 4,080 years to
reach the maximum.
In the mean time, there is no reason to use a larger type which results
in higher memory and disk space usage. However, for now, in order to
avoid having to reserialize a bunch of database information, the heights
are still serialized to the database as 8-byte uint64s.
This is being mainly being done in preparation for further upcoming
infrastructure changes which will use the smaller and more efficient
4-byte serialization in the database as well.
This commit contains three classes of optimizations:
- Reducing the number of unnecessary hash copies
- Improve the performance of the DoubleSha256 function
- A couple of minor optimizations of the ShaHash functions
The first class is a result of the Bytes function on a ShaHash making a
copy of the bytes before returning them. It really should have been named
CloneBytes, but that would break the API now.
To address this, a comment has been added to the function which explicitly
calls out the copy behavior. In addition, all call sites of .Bytes on a
ShaHash in the code base have been updated to simply slice the array when
a copy is not needed. This saves a significant amount of data copying.
The second optimization modifies the DoubleSha256 function to directly use
fastsha256.Sum256 instead of the hasher interface. This reduces the
number of allocations needed. A benchmark for the function has been added
as well.
old: BenchmarkDoubleSha256 500000 3691 ns/op 192 B/op 3 allocs/op
new: BenchmarkDoubleSha256 500000 3081 ns/op 32 B/op 1 allocs/op
The final optimizations are for the ShaHash IsEqual and SetBytes functions
which have been modified to make use of the fact the type is an array and
remove an unneeded subslice.
This commit contains the entire btcchain repository along with several
changes needed to move all of the files into the blockchain directory in
order to prepare it for merging. This does NOT update btcd or any of the
other packages to use the new location as that will be done separately.
- All import paths in the old btcchain test files have been changed to
the new location
- All references to btcchain as the package name have been changed to
blockchain
