diff --git a/internal/cmd/admin_groups.go b/internal/cmd/admin_groups.go
index ffa51fc..3dc7612 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/admin_groups.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/admin_groups.go
@@ -58,19 +58,9 @@ func (c *AdminGroupsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Groups, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var groups []*admin.Group
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if collectErr != nil {
-			return collectErr
-		}
-		groups = all
-	} else {
-		groups, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	groups, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
@@ -176,19 +166,9 @@ func (c *AdminGroupsMembersListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) e
 		return resp.Members, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var members []*admin.Member
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if collectErr != nil {
-			return collectErr
-		}
-		members = all
-	} else {
-		members, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	members, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/admin_users.go b/internal/cmd/admin_users.go
index afa6b85..73c5207 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/admin_users.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/admin_users.go
@@ -60,19 +60,9 @@ func (c *AdminUsersListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Users, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var users []*admin.User
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if collectErr != nil {
-			return collectErr
-		}
-		users = all
-	} else {
-		users, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	users, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/calendar_list.go b/internal/cmd/calendar_list.go
index f7eb8eb..43fa4db 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/calendar_list.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/calendar_list.go
@@ -51,20 +51,9 @@ func listCalendarEvents(ctx context.Context, svc *calendar.Service, calendarID,
 		return resp.Items, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var items []*calendar.Event
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if allPages {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		items = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		items, nextPageToken, err = fetch(page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	items, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(page, allPages, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		if err := outfmt.WriteJSON(ctx, os.Stdout, map[string]any{
@@ -164,21 +153,10 @@ func listCalendarIDsEvents(ctx context.Context, svc *calendar.Service, calendarI
 			return resp.Items, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 		}
 
-		var events []*calendar.Event
-		var err error
-		if allPages {
-			allEvents, collectErr := collectAllPages(page, fetch)
-			if collectErr != nil {
-				u.Err().Printf("calendar %s: %v", calID, collectErr)
-				continue
-			}
-			events = allEvents
-		} else {
-			events, _, err = fetch(page)
-			if err != nil {
-				u.Err().Printf("calendar %s: %v", calID, err)
-				continue
-			}
+		events, _, err := loadPagedItems(page, allPages, fetch)
+		if err != nil {
+			u.Err().Printf("calendar %s: %v", calID, err)
+			continue
 		}
 
 		for _, e := range events {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/calendar_list_cmds.go b/internal/cmd/calendar_list_cmds.go
index beec150..81c9466 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/calendar_list_cmds.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/calendar_list_cmds.go
@@ -43,19 +43,9 @@ func (c *CalendarCalendarsCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error
 		return r.Items, r.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var items []*calendar.CalendarListEntry
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if collectErr != nil {
-			return collectErr
-		}
-		items = all
-	} else {
-		items, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	items, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		if err := outfmt.WriteJSON(ctx, os.Stdout, map[string]any{
@@ -173,19 +163,9 @@ func (c *CalendarAclCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return r.Items, r.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var items []*calendar.AclRule
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if collectErr != nil {
-			return collectErr
-		}
-		items = all
-	} else {
-		items, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	items, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		if err := outfmt.WriteJSON(ctx, os.Stdout, map[string]any{
diff --git a/internal/cmd/calendar_users.go b/internal/cmd/calendar_users.go
index a47aaeb..2bbbe2e 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/calendar_users.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/calendar_users.go
@@ -61,20 +61,9 @@ func (c *CalendarUsersCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.People, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var peopleList []*people.Person
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		peopleList = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		peopleList, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	peopleList, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/chat_messages.go b/internal/cmd/chat_messages.go
index 5200459..dd89450 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/chat_messages.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/chat_messages.go
@@ -90,20 +90,9 @@ func (c *ChatMessagesListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Messages, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var messages []*chat.Message
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		messages = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		messages, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	messages, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/chat_reactions.go b/internal/cmd/chat_reactions.go
index 5e26e65..12b8574 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/chat_reactions.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/chat_reactions.go
@@ -127,20 +127,9 @@ func (c *ChatMessagesReactionsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags
 		return resp.Reactions, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var reactions []*chat.Reaction
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		reactions = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		reactions, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	reactions, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/chat_spaces.go b/internal/cmd/chat_spaces.go
index 178c25f..c736586 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/chat_spaces.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/chat_spaces.go
@@ -52,20 +52,9 @@ func (c *ChatSpacesListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Spaces, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var spaces []*chat.Space
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		spaces = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		spaces, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	spaces, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/chat_threads.go b/internal/cmd/chat_threads.go
index 9278f95..7497f79 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/chat_threads.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/chat_threads.go
@@ -59,20 +59,9 @@ func (c *ChatThreadsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Messages, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var messages []*chat.Message
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		messages = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		messages, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	messages, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	threads := make([]*chatMessageThreadItem, 0, len(messages))
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_courses.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_courses.go
index c1e5ecd..abe93ef 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_courses.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_courses.go
@@ -72,20 +72,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomCoursesListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) err
 		return resp.Courses, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var courses []*classroom.Course
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		courses = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		courses, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	courses, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_coursework.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_coursework.go
index 3062546..e47e6db 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_coursework.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_coursework.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (c *ClassroomCourseworkListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags)
 	var coursework []*classroom.CourseWork
 	var nextPageToken string
 	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
+		all, _, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, true, fetch)
 		if err != nil {
 			return wrapClassroomError(err)
 		}
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_guardians.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_guardians.go
index 94dde8c..448ad15 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_guardians.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_guardians.go
@@ -58,20 +58,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomGuardiansListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) e
 		return resp.Guardians, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var guardians []*classroom.Guardian
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		guardians = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		guardians, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	guardians, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
@@ -245,20 +234,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomGuardianInvitesListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFl
 		return resp.GuardianInvitations, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var invitations []*classroom.GuardianInvitation
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		invitations = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		invitations, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	invitations, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_invitations.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_invitations.go
index 68571d1..83b2b8b 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_invitations.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_invitations.go
@@ -60,20 +60,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomInvitationsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags)
 		return resp.Invitations, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var invitations []*classroom.Invitation
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		invitations = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		invitations, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	invitations, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_list_helpers.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_list_helpers.go
index ea42178..24990e7 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_list_helpers.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_list_helpers.go
@@ -10,14 +10,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func fetchClassroomPagedList[T any](all bool, page string, fetch func(string) ([]*T, string, error)) ([]*T, string, error) {
-	if all {
-		items, err := collectAllPages(page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-		return items, "", nil
-	}
-	return fetch(page)
+	return loadPagedItems(page, all, fetch)
 }
 
 func writeClassroomPagedList[T any](
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_materials.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_materials.go
index 701db8e..92446c2 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_materials.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_materials.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (c *ClassroomMaterialsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) e
 	var materials []*classroom.CourseWorkMaterial
 	var nextPageToken string
 	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
+		all, _, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, true, fetch)
 		if err != nil {
 			return wrapClassroomError(err)
 		}
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_rosters.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_rosters.go
index 115edea..40057c7 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_rosters.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_rosters.go
@@ -55,20 +55,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomStudentsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) er
 		return resp.Students, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var students []*classroom.Student
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		students = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		students, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	students, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
@@ -287,20 +276,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomTeachersListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) er
 		return resp.Teachers, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var teachers []*classroom.Teacher
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		teachers = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		teachers, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	teachers, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
@@ -514,17 +492,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomRosterCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 			}
 			return resp.Students, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 		}
-		if c.All {
-			all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-			if collectErr != nil {
-				return collectErr
-			}
-			students = all
-		} else {
-			students, studentsNextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+		students, studentsNextPageToken, err = loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 	if includeTeachers {
@@ -539,17 +509,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomRosterCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 			}
 			return resp.Teachers, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 		}
-		if c.All {
-			all, collectErr := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-			if collectErr != nil {
-				return collectErr
-			}
-			teachers = all
-		} else {
-			teachers, teachersNextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+		teachers, teachersNextPageToken, err = loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/internal/cmd/classroom_submissions.go b/internal/cmd/classroom_submissions.go
index c835a3e..8c0cda7 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/classroom_submissions.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/classroom_submissions.go
@@ -86,20 +86,9 @@ func (c *ClassroomSubmissionsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags)
 		return resp.StudentSubmissions, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var submissions []*classroom.StudentSubmission
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		submissions = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		submissions, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	submissions, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/contacts_directory.go b/internal/cmd/contacts_directory.go
index 08cb27b..c84d01a 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/contacts_directory.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/contacts_directory.go
@@ -62,20 +62,9 @@ func (c *ContactsDirectoryListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) er
 		return resp.People, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var peopleList []*people.Person
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		peopleList = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		peopleList, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	peopleList, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		type item struct {
@@ -169,20 +158,9 @@ func (c *ContactsDirectorySearchCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags)
 		return resp.People, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var peopleList []*people.Person
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		peopleList = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		peopleList, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	peopleList, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		type item struct {
@@ -275,20 +253,9 @@ func (c *ContactsOtherListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error
 		return resp.OtherContacts, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var contacts []*people.Person
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		contacts = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		contacts, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	contacts, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		type item struct {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/gmail_history.go b/internal/cmd/gmail_history.go
index c64e218..978d7f1 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/gmail_history.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/gmail_history.go
@@ -51,20 +51,9 @@ func (c *GmailHistoryCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		historyIDs := collectHistoryMessageIDs(resp)
 		return historyIDs.FetchIDs, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
-	var ids []string
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		ids = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		ids, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	ids, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
 		if err := outfmt.WriteJSON(ctx, os.Stdout, map[string]any{
diff --git a/internal/cmd/groups.go b/internal/cmd/groups.go
index f04ae6d..5e93a2a 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/groups.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/groups.go
@@ -67,20 +67,9 @@ func (c *GroupsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Memberships, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var memberships []*cloudidentity.GroupRelation
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		memberships = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		memberships, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	memberships, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
@@ -219,20 +208,9 @@ func (c *GroupsMembersCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Memberships, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var memberships []*cloudidentity.Membership
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		memberships = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		memberships, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	memberships, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/keep.go b/internal/cmd/keep.go
index 9ed5bf8..efff247 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/keep.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/keep.go
@@ -60,20 +60,9 @@ func (c *KeepListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags, keep *KeepCmd)
 		return resp.Notes, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var notes []*keepapi.Note
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		notes = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		notes, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	notes, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/people_profile.go b/internal/cmd/people_profile.go
index 0e75ba8..96a25eb 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/people_profile.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/people_profile.go
@@ -109,20 +109,9 @@ func (c *PeopleSearchCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.People, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var peopleList []*people.Person
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		peopleList = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		peopleList, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	peopleList, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/tasks_items.go b/internal/cmd/tasks_items.go
index af4ca04..efae39f 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/tasks_items.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/tasks_items.go
@@ -89,20 +89,9 @@ func (c *TasksListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Items, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var items []*tasks.Task
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		items = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		items, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	items, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {
diff --git a/internal/cmd/tasks_lists.go b/internal/cmd/tasks_lists.go
index ed23fcd..c28f235 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/tasks_lists.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/tasks_lists.go
@@ -48,20 +48,9 @@ func (c *TasksListsListCmd) Run(ctx context.Context, flags *RootFlags) error {
 		return resp.Items, resp.NextPageToken, nil
 	}
 
-	var items []*tasks.TaskList
-	nextPageToken := ""
-	if c.All {
-		all, err := collectAllPages(c.Page, fetch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		items = all
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		items, nextPageToken, err = fetch(c.Page)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	items, nextPageToken, err := loadPagedItems(c.Page, c.All, fetch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if outfmt.IsJSON(ctx) {