firmware/stm32/bootloader/storage.c
2020-11-18 14:19:14 -05:00

584 lines
16 KiB
C

// (c) Copyright 2018 by Coinkite Inc. This file is covered by license found in COPYING-CC.
//
// storage.c -- manage flash and its sensitive contents.
//
// NOTE: ST's flash is different from others: it has ECC in effect, and can only
// be programmed once. Writing ones is included in that. I'm used to flash that
// can go from 1 to 0 anytime. One exception is you can write (64-bit) zero into flash
// that is not erased. Consequence is if DFU file includes a page we want to write
// later, we would need to erase it first. Not clear if DFU can do a bulk erase.
//
//
#include "basics.h"
#include "storage.h"
#include "rng.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "ae.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "assets/screens.h"
#include "stm32l4xx_hal.h"
#include "constant_time.h"
const uint32_t num_pages_locked = ((BL_FLASH_SIZE + BL_NVROM_SIZE) / 0x800)-1; // == 15
// flash_setup0()
//
void
flash_setup0(void)
{
// PROBLEM: we are running in bank 1 (of 2) and want to program
// bits in the same bank. Cannot read bank while programming it.
// Therefore, must have our programming code running in RAM.
// put the ram-callable functions into place
extern uint8_t _srelocate, _etext, _erelocate;
memcpy(&_srelocate, &_etext, ((uint32_t)&_erelocate)-(uint32_t)&_srelocate);
// turn on clock to flash registers
__HAL_RCC_FLASH_CLK_ENABLE();
}
// _flash_wait_done()
//
// Like FLASH_WaitForLastOperation((uint32_t)FLASH_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
// Absolutely MUST be in RAM.
//
__attribute__((section(".ramfunc")))
__attribute__((always_inline))
static inline uint32_t
_flash_wait_done(void)
{
while(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_BSY)) {
// busy wait
}
if((__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_OPERR)) || (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_PROGERR)) ||
(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_WRPERR)) || (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_PGAERR)) ||
(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_SIZERR)) || (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_PGSERR)) ||
(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_MISERR)) || (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_FASTERR)) ||
(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_RDERR)) || (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_OPTVERR)) ||
#if defined (STM32L431xx) || defined (STM32L432xx) || defined (STM32L433xx) || defined (STM32L442xx) || defined (STM32L443xx) || \
defined (STM32L451xx) || defined (STM32L452xx) || defined (STM32L462xx) || defined (STM32L496xx) || defined (STM32L4A6xx)
(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_ECCD)) || (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_PEMPTY))
#else
(__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_ECCD))
#endif
) {
// Save an error code; somewhat random
return FLASH->SR;
}
// Check FLASH End of Operation flag
if (__HAL_FLASH_GET_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_EOP)) {
// Clear FLASH End of Operation pending bit
__HAL_FLASH_CLEAR_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_EOP);
}
return 0;
}
// flash_lock()
//
// Ok to run from flash.
//
void
flash_lock(void)
{
// see HAL_FLASH_Lock();
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_LOCK);
}
// flash_unlock()
//
// Ok to run from flash.
//
void
flash_unlock(void)
{
// see HAL_FLASH_Unlock();
if(READ_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_LOCK)) {
// Authorize the FLASH Registers access
WRITE_REG(FLASH->KEYR, FLASH_KEY1);
WRITE_REG(FLASH->KEYR, FLASH_KEY2);
if(READ_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_LOCK)) {
INCONSISTENT("failed to unlock");
}
}
}
// flash_ob_lock()
//
// Enable write access to "option bytes".
// - also does "launch" when done
// - also locks/unlocks the main flash
//
void
flash_ob_lock(bool lock)
{
if(!lock) {
// unlock sequence
if(READ_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_OPTLOCK)) {
flash_unlock();
WRITE_REG(FLASH->OPTKEYR, FLASH_OPTKEY1);
WRITE_REG(FLASH->OPTKEYR, FLASH_OPTKEY2);
if(READ_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_OPTLOCK)) {
INCONSISTENT("failed to OB unlock");
}
}
} else {
// write changes to OB flash bytes
// Set OPTSTRT bit
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_OPTSTRT);
/// Wait for update to complete
_flash_wait_done();
// lock OB again.
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_OPTLOCK);
// include "launch" to make them take effect NOW
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_OBL_LAUNCH);
_flash_wait_done();
}
}
// flash_burn()
//
// My simplified version of HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_DOUBLEWORD, ...)
//
// NOTES:
// - this function **AND** everything it calls, must be in RAM
// - interrupts are already off here (entire bootloader)
// - return non-zero on failure; don't try to handle anything
//
__attribute__((section(".ramfunc")))
__attribute__((noinline))
int
flash_burn(uint32_t address, uint64_t val)
{
uint32_t rv;
// just in case?
_flash_wait_done();
// clear any and all errors
FLASH->SR = FLASH->SR & 0xffff;
// disable data cache
__HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_DISABLE();
// Program double-word (64-bit) at a specified address
// see FLASH_Program_DoubleWord(Address, Data);
// Set PG bit
CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, (FLASH_CR_PG | FLASH_CR_MER1 | FLASH_CR_PER | FLASH_CR_PNB)); // added
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PG);
// Program a double word
*(__IO uint32_t *)(address) = (uint32_t)val;
*(__IO uint32_t *)(address+4) = (uint32_t)(val >> 32);
rv = _flash_wait_done();
if(rv) return rv;
// If the program operation is completed, disable the PG or FSTPG Bit
CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PG);
// Flush the caches to be sure of data consistency, and reenable.
__HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_RESET();
__HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_ENABLE();
return 0;
}
// flash_page_erase()
//
// See HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef *pEraseInit, uint32_t *PageError)
//
__attribute__((section(".ramfunc")))
__attribute__((noinline))
int
flash_page_erase(uint32_t address)
{
uint32_t page_num = (address & 0x7ffffff) / FLASH_PAGE_SIZE; // 2k pages
// protect ourselves!
if(page_num < ((BL_FLASH_SIZE + BL_NVROM_SIZE) / FLASH_PAGE_SIZE)) {
return 1;
}
// always operate on both banks.
bool bank2 = (page_num >= 256);
page_num &= 0xff;
// just in case?
_flash_wait_done();
// clear any and all errors
FLASH->SR = FLASH->SR & 0xffff;
// disable data cache
__HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_DISABLE();
// choose appropriate bank to work on.
if(bank2) {
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_BKER);
} else {
CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_BKER);
}
// Proceed to erase the page
MODIFY_REG(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PNB, (page_num << POSITION_VAL(FLASH_CR_PNB)));
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PER);
SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_STRT);
// Wait til done
_flash_wait_done();
// If the erase operation is completed, disable the PER Bit
CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, (FLASH_CR_PER | FLASH_CR_PNB));
// Flush the caches to be sure of data consistency, and reenable.
__HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_RESET();
__HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_ENABLE();
return 0;
}
// pick_pairing_secret()
//
static void
pick_pairing_secret(void)
{
// important the RNG works here. ok to call setup multiple times.
rng_setup();
// Demo to anyone watching that the RNG is working, but likely only
// to be seen by production team during initial powerup.
uint8_t tmp[1024];
for(int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
rng_buffer(tmp, sizeof(tmp));
oled_show_raw(sizeof(tmp), (void *)tmp);
}
oled_factory_busy();
// .. but don't use those numbers, because those are semi-public now.
uint32_t secret[8];
for(int i=0; i<8; i++) {
secret[i] = rng_sample();
}
// enforce policy that first word is not all ones (so it never
// looks like unprogrammed flash).
while(secret[0] == ~0) {
secret[0] = rng_sample();
}
// NOTE: if any of these 64-bit words have been programmed already once, this will
// fail because we are not pre-erasing them. However, this area is expected
// to be written exactly once in product's lifecycle so that should be okay.
// Write pairing secret into flash
{
uint32_t dest = (uint32_t)&rom_secrets->pairing_secret;
flash_unlock();
for(int i=0; i<8; i+=2, dest += 8) {
uint64_t val = (((uint64_t)secret[i]) << 32) | secret[i+1];
if(flash_burn(dest, val)) {
INCONSISTENT("flash fail");
}
}
flash_lock();
}
// Also at this point, pick RNG noise to use as our one-time-pad
// for encrypting the secrets held in the 608a.
{
uint32_t dest = (uint32_t)&rom_secrets->otp_key;
const uint32_t blen = sizeof(rom_secrets->otp_key)
+ sizeof(rom_secrets->otp_key_long)
+ sizeof(rom_secrets->hash_cache_secret);
STATIC_ASSERT(blen % 8 == 0);
STATIC_ASSERT(blen == (72+416+32));
flash_unlock();
for(int i=0; i<blen; i+=8, dest += 8) {
uint64_t val = ((uint64_t)rng_sample() << 32) | rng_sample();
if(flash_burn(dest, val)) {
INCONSISTENT("flash fail");
}
}
flash_lock();
}
}
// confirm_pairing_secret()
//
static void
confirm_pairing_secret(void)
{
// Concern: if the above is interrupted (by an evil user), then we might program only
// the first 64-bits and the rest would be ones. Easy to brute-force from there.
// Solution: write also the XOR of the right value, and check at boot time.
// LATER: probably not a concern because flash is ECC-checked on this chip.
// BUT: we are using to mark the 2nd half of a two-phase commit w.r.t AE setup
uint64_t *src = (uint64_t *)&rom_secrets->pairing_secret;
uint32_t dest = (uint32_t)&rom_secrets->pairing_secret_xor;
flash_unlock();
for(int i=0; i<(32/8); i++, dest+=8, src++) {
uint64_t val = ~(*src);
if(flash_burn(dest, val)) {
INCONSISTENT("flash xor fail");
}
}
flash_lock();
}
// flash_save_ae_serial()
//
// Write the serial number of ATECC508A into flash forever.
//
void
flash_save_ae_serial(const uint8_t serial[9])
{
uint64_t tmp[2];
memset(&tmp, 0x0, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(&tmp, serial, 9);
flash_setup0();
flash_unlock();
if(flash_burn((uint32_t)&rom_secrets->ae_serial_number[0], tmp[0])) {
INCONSISTENT("fail1");
}
if(flash_burn((uint32_t)&rom_secrets->ae_serial_number[1], tmp[1])) {
INCONSISTENT("fail2");
}
flash_lock();
}
// flash_save_bag_number()
//
// Write bag number (probably a string)
//
void
flash_save_bag_number(const uint8_t new_number[32])
{
uint32_t dest = (uint32_t)&rom_secrets->bag_number[0];
uint64_t *src = (uint64_t *)new_number;
flash_setup0();
flash_unlock();
// NOTE: can only write once! No provision for read/check, and write
// when non-ones will fail.
for(int i=0; i<(32/8); i++, dest+=8, src++) {
if(flash_burn(dest, *src)) {
INCONSISTENT("fail write");
}
}
flash_lock();
}
// flash_setup()
//
// This is really a state-machine, to recover boards that are booted w/ missing AE chip.
//
void
flash_setup(void)
{
flash_setup0();
STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(rom_secrets_t) <= 2048);
// see if we have picked a pairing secret yet.
bool blank_ps = check_all_ones(rom_secrets->pairing_secret, 32);
bool blank_xor = check_all_ones(rom_secrets->pairing_secret_xor, 32);
bool blank_ae = (~rom_secrets->ae_serial_number[0] == 0);
if(blank_ps) {
// get some good entropy, save it.
pick_pairing_secret();
blank_ps = false;
}
if(blank_xor || blank_ae) {
// configure and lock-down the ATECC508A
int rv = ae_setup_config();
if(rv) {
// Hardware fail speaking to AE chip ... be careful not to brick here.
// Do not continue!! We might fix the board, or add missing pullup, etc.
oled_show(screen_brick);
LOCKUP_FOREVER();
}
if(blank_xor) {
// write secret again, complemented, to indicate successful AE programming
confirm_pairing_secret();
}
// real power cycle required now.
oled_show(screen_replug);
LOCKUP_FOREVER();
}
if(!blank_ps && !blank_xor) {
// check the XOR value also written: 2 phase commit
uint8_t tmp[32];
memcpy(tmp, rom_secrets->pairing_secret, 32);
xor_mixin(tmp, rom_secrets->pairing_secret_xor, 32);
if(!check_all_ones(tmp, 32)) {
oled_show(screen_corrupt);
// dfu won't save them here, so just die
LOCKUP_FOREVER();
}
}
// TODO: maybe check option bytes and protections
// implied by that are in place. If wrong, do the
// appropriate lockdown, which might be one-way.
// That's fine if we intend to ship units locked already.
// Do NOT do write every boot, as it might wear-out
// the flash bits in OB.
}
// flash_lockdown_hard()
//
// Configure the OB (option bytes) to values that:
// - ensure bootloader isn't overwritten easily.
// - enable level 2 flash protect
// - once level 2 is set, no going back.
//
// This is a one-way trip. Might need power cycle to (fully?) take effect.
//
void
flash_lockdown_hard(uint8_t rdp_level_code)
{
flash_setup0();
// see FLASH_OB_WRPConfig()
flash_ob_lock(false);
// lock first 32k against any writes
FLASH->WRP1AR = (num_pages_locked << 16);
FLASH->WRP1BR = 0xff; // unused.
FLASH->WRP2AR = 0xff; // unused.
FLASH->WRP2BR = 0xff; // unused.
#if 0
// PCRO = Proprietary Code Read-Out (protection)
// - isn't useful to us (doesn't protect data, exec-only code)
// - "In case the Level 1 is configured and no PCROP area is defined,
// it is mandatory to set PCROP_RDP bit to 1 (full mass erase when
// the RDP level is decreased from Level 1 to Level 0)."
// - D-bus access blocked, even for code running inside the PCROP area! (AN4758)
// So literal values and constant tables and such would need special linking.
//
FLASH->PCROP1ER = (1<<31); // set PCROP_RDP bit, since maybe we need to?
FLASH->PCROP1SR = 0xffff;
FLASH->PCROP2ER = (1<<31); // set PCROP_RDP bit, since maybe we need to?
FLASH->PCROP2SR = 0xffff;
#endif
// set protection level
FLASH->OPTR = 0xffeff800 | rdp_level_code; // select level X, other values as observed
flash_ob_lock(true);
}
#if 0
// backup_data_get()
//
uint32_t
backup_data_get(int idx)
{
ASSERT(idx < 32);
return (&RTC->BKP0R)[idx];
}
// backup_data_set()
//
void
backup_data_set(int idx, uint32_t new_value)
{
ASSERT(idx < 32);
// unlock sequence.
RTC->WPR = 0xCA;
RTC->WPR = 0x53;
(&RTC->BKP0R)[idx] = new_value;
// relock (any value)
// doesn't seem to work tho? stays unlocked
RTC->WPR = 0xff;
}
#endif
// record_highwater_version()
//
int
record_highwater_version(const uint8_t timestamp[8])
{
const uint8_t *otp = (const uint8_t *)OPT_FLASH_BASE;
ASSERT(timestamp[0] < 0x40);
ASSERT(timestamp[0] >= 0x10);
// just write to first blank slot we can find.
for(int i=0; i<NUM_OPT_SLOTS; i++, otp+=8) {
if(check_all_ones(otp, 8)) {
// here.
uint64_t val = 0;
memcpy(&val, timestamp, 8);
flash_setup0();
flash_unlock();
flash_burn((uint32_t)otp, val);
flash_lock();
return 0;
}
}
// no space.
return 1;
}
// EOF